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lshw,uname,... - 리눅스에서 시스템(하드웨어) 정보 확인하는 명령어

by 드로니뚜벅이 2022. 4. 17.
명령어 설명
lscpu CPU 하드웨어 정보를 확인하는 명령어
코어개수: $ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l
lshw 하드웨어 구성 정보를 제한적으로 확인하는 명령어
예) $ sudo lshw -class processor
hwinfo 하드웨어 구성(components) 정보를 확인하는 명령어
명령어를 찾을 수 없는 경우: $ sudo apt install hwinfo -y
lsusb USB 정보를 확인하는 명령어
lspci PCI 슬롯 정보를 확인하는 명령어
du, df 디스크 사용량, 디스크 남은 용량을 확인하는 명령어
free 메모리 용량을 확인하는 명령어
uname 커널 및 시스템 정보를 확인하는 명령어
lsb_release -a 리눅스 배포판 버전을 확인하는 명령어
명령어를 찾을 수 없는 경우: $ sudo apt install lsb -y
배포 버전(OS) 확인할 수 있는 다른 방법
$ cat /etc/issue
$ cat /etc/os-release
$ hostnamectl
nproc 사용가능한 프로세스 유닛 개수
dmesg
시스템이 부팅할 때 출력하는 로그 정보 확인하기 위해 사용하는 명령어
예) $ dmesg | grep "CPU"
hostnamectl
커널 및 시스템 정보 확인하는 명령어

CPU 정보 출력하는 명령어 : lscpu

$ lscpu
Architecture:                    x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                  32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:                      Little Endian
Address sizes:                   39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
CPU(s):                          12
On-line CPU(s) list:             0-11
Thread(s) per core:              2
Core(s) per socket:              6
Socket(s):                       1
NUMA node(s):                    1
Vendor ID:                       GenuineIntel
CPU family:                      6
Model:                           158
Model name:                      Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz
Stepping:                        10
CPU MHz:                         1130.912
CPU max MHz:                     4100.0000
CPU min MHz:                     800.0000
BogoMIPS:                        4399.99
Virtualization:                  VT-x
L1d cache:                       192 KiB
L1i cache:                       192 KiB
L2 cache:                        1.5 MiB
L3 cache:                        9 MiB
NUMA node0 CPU(s):               0-11
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:     KVM: Mitigation: VMX disabled
Vulnerability L1tf:              Mitigation; PTE Inversion; VMX conditional cache flushes, SMT vulnerable
Vulnerability Mds:               Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
Vulnerability Meltdown:          Mitigation; PTI
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
Vulnerability Spectre v1:        Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:        Mitigation; Retpolines, IBPB conditional, IBRS_FW, STIBP conditional, RS
                                 B filling
Vulnerability Srbds:             Mitigation; Microcode
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:   Not affected
Flags:                           fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 
                                 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtsc
                                 p lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nons
                                 top_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2
                                  ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt ts
                                 c_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpu
                                 id_fault epb invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi fle
                                 xpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms i
                                 nvpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt intel_pt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 x
                                 saves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp md_c
                                 lear flush_l1d

"cat /proc/cpuinfo" 명령어로도 동일한 결과를 확인할 수 있습니다.

 

하드웨어 정보 확인하는 명령어 : lshw

$ sudo lshw -short
H/W path           Device          Class          Description
=============================================================
                                   system         81LB (LENOVO_MT_81LB_BU_idea_FM_Legion Y530-15ICH-1060)
/0                                 bus            LNVNB161216
/0/0                               memory         128KiB BIOS
/0/4                               processor      Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz
/0/4/5                             memory         384KiB L1 캐시
/0/4/6                             memory         1536KiB L2 캐시
/0/4/7                             memory         9MiB L3 캐시
/0/25                              memory         16GiB System Memory
/0/25/0                            memory         8GiB SODIMM DDR4 동기 2400 MHz (0.4 ns)
/0/25/1                            memory         8GiB SODIMM DDR4 동기 2400 MHz (0.4 ns)
/0/100                             bridge         8th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers
/0/100/1                           bridge         Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe 
/0/100/1/0                         display        GP106M [GeForce GTX 1060 Mobile]
/0/100/1/0.1                       multimedia     GP106 High Definition Audio Controller
/0/100/2                           display        UHD Graphics 630 (Mobile)
/0/100/4                           generic        Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Therm
/0/100/8                           generic        Xeon E3-1200 v5/v6 / E3-1500 v5 / 6th/7th/8th Gen Core 
/0/100/12                          generic        Cannon Lake PCH Thermal Controller
/0/100/14                          bus            Cannon Lake PCH USB 3.1 xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/14/0        usb1            bus            xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/14/0/1                      input          USB Receiver
/0/100/14/0/6                      multimedia     Integrated Camera
/0/100/14/0/e                      communication  Bluetooth Radio
/0/100/14/1        usb2            bus            xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/14.2                        memory         RAM memory
/0/100/15                          bus            Cannon Lake PCH Serial IO I2C Controller #0
/0/100/15.1                        bus            Cannon Lake PCH Serial IO I2C Controller #1
/0/100/16                          communication  Cannon Lake PCH HECI Controller
/0/100/17                          storage        Cannon Lake Mobile PCH SATA AHCI Controller
/0/100/1d                          bridge         Cannon Lake PCH PCI Express Root Port #9
/0/100/1d/0                        storage        Sandisk Corp
/0/100/1d/0/0      /dev/nvme0      storage        WDC PC SN520 SDAPMUW-512G-1101
/0/100/1d/0/0/1    /dev/nvme0n1    disk           512GB NVMe namespace
/0/100/1d/0/0/1/1  /dev/nvme0n1p1  volume         449MiB Windows NTFS volume
/0/100/1d/0/0/1/2  /dev/nvme0n1p2  volume         99MiB Windows FAT volume
/0/100/1d/0/0/1/3  /dev/nvme0n1p3  volume         15MiB reserved partition
/0/100/1d/0/0/1/4  /dev/nvme0n1p4  volume         275GiB Windows NTFS volume
/0/100/1d/0/0/1/5  /dev/nvme0n1p5  volume         556MiB Windows NTFS volume
/0/100/1d/0/0/1/6  /dev/nvme0n1p6  volume         200GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1d.4                        bridge         Cannon Lake PCH PCI Express Root Port #13
/0/100/1d.4/0      wlp7s0          network        RTL8822BE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac WiFi adapter
/0/100/1d.5                        bridge         Cannon Lake PCH PCI Express Root Port #14
/0/100/1d.5/0      enp8s0          network        RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controll
/0/100/1e                          communication  Cannon Lake PCH Serial IO UART Host Controller
/0/100/1f                          bridge         HM470 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller
/0/100/1f.3                        multimedia     Cannon Lake PCH cAVS
/0/100/1f.4                        bus            Cannon Lake PCH SMBus Controller
/0/100/1f.5                        bus            Cannon Lake PCH SPI Controller
/0/1                               system         PnP device PNP0c02
/0/2                               system         PnP device PNP0c02
/0/3                               system         PnP device PNP0c02
/0/5                               system         PnP device PNP0c02
/0/6                               system         PnP device PNP0b00
/0/7                               generic        PnP device INT3f0d
/0/8                               input          PnP device PNP0303
/0/9                               system         PnP device PNP0c02
/0/a                               system         PnP device PNP0c02
/0/b               scsi4           storage        
/0/b/0.0.0         /dev/sda        disk           2TB ST2000LM007-1R81
/0/b/0.0.0/1       /dev/sda1       volume         127MiB reserved partition
/0/b/0.0.0/2       /dev/sda2       volume         1362GiB Windows NTFS volume
/0/b/0.0.0/3       /dev/sda3       volume         500GiB EXT4 volume
/1                                 power          CRB Battery 0
/2                                 power          OEM Define 5

 

하드웨어 정보 확인하는 명령어 : hwinfo

$ hwinfo --short
cpu:                                                            
                       Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz, 2200 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz, 2200 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz, 2200 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz, 2200 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz, 2200 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz, 2200 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz, 2200 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz, 2200 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz, 2200 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz, 2200 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz, 3850 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz, 2200 MHz
keyboard:
                       Logitech Unifying Receiver
  /dev/input/event3    AT Translated Set 2 keyboard
mouse:
                       Logitech Unifying Receiver
  /dev/input/mice      ELAN061B:00 04F3:309E Mouse
  /dev/input/mice      ELAN061B:00 04F3:309E Touchpad
monitor:
                       BOE CQ LCD Monitor
graphics card:
                       nVidia GP106M [GeForce GTX 1060 Mobile]
                       Intel UHD Graphics 630 (Mobile)
sound:
                       Intel Cannon Lake PCH cAVS
                       nVidia GP106 High Definition Audio Controller
storage:
                       Intel Cannon Lake Mobile PCH SATA AHCI Controller
                       Sandisk Non-Volatile memory controller
network:
  enp8s0               Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
  wlp7s0               Realtek RTL8822BE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac WiFi adapter
network interface:
  lo                   Loopback network interface
  enp8s0               Ethernet network interface
  wlp7s0               Ethernet network interface
disk:
  /dev/nvme0n1         Sandisk Disk
  /dev/sda             ST2000LM007-1R81

 

USB 정보 확인하기 : lsusb

$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 04ca:7070 Lite-On Technology Corp. Integrated Camera
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:b023 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. Bluetooth Radio 
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 046d:c534 Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

 

디스크 사용량 확인하기 : df

$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs           1.6G  2.4M  1.6G   1% /run
/dev/nvme0n1p6  196G   52G  135G  28% /
tmpfs           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0      128K  128K     0 100% /snap/bare/5
/dev/loop3       45M   45M     0 100% /snap/snapd/15314
/dev/loop1      111M  111M     0 100% /snap/core/12834
/dev/loop2      249M  249M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/99
/dev/loop6       62M   62M     0 100% /snap/core20/1405
/dev/loop7      248M  248M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/87
/dev/loop4      4.3M  4.3M     0 100% /snap/tree/18
/dev/loop5      112M  112M     0 100% /snap/core/12941
/dev/loop8      165M  165M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/161
/dev/loop9      219M  219M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/77
/dev/loop10      62M   62M     0 100% /snap/core20/1376
/dev/loop11      51M   51M     0 100% /snap/snap-store/547
/dev/loop12      56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/2284
/dev/loop13      56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/2344
/dev/loop14     219M  219M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/72
/dev/loop15      95M   95M     0 100% /snap/slack/60
/dev/loop16     250M  250M     0 100% /snap/zoom-client/168
/dev/loop17     104M  104M     0 100% /snap/slack/61
/dev/loop18     251M  251M     0 100% /snap/zoom-client/170
/dev/loop19      65M   65M     0 100% /snap/netflix-web/1
/dev/loop20     296M  296M     0 100% /snap/vlc/2344
/dev/loop21      55M   55M     0 100% /snap/snap-store/558
/dev/loop22      66M   66M     0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1519
/dev/loop23      66M   66M     0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
/dev/loop24      44M   44M     0 100% /snap/snapd/15177
/dev/nvme0n1p2   96M   31M   66M  32% /boot/efi
tmpfs           1.6G   20K  1.6G   1% /run/user/125
tmpfs           1.6G   64K  1.6G   1% /run/user/1000

"df -h /" 옵션은 전체 사용량과 남은 용량을 한 줄로 표시해 줍니다.

 

사용 중인 메모리 확인하기: free

$ free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          15874        2839       10434         111        2600       12619
스왑:           2047           0        2047
$
$ free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           15Gi       3.0Gi         9Gi       125Mi       2.6Gi        12Gi
스왑:          2.0Gi          0B       2.0Gi

메모리 전체 용량은 "cat /proc/meminfo | grep MemTotal" 명령어로도 확인이 가능합니다.

 

Options : free [option]

Option   Description
-b --bytes show output in bytes
-k --kibi show output in kibibytes
-m --mebi show output in mebibytes
-g --gibi show output in gibibytes
-h --human show human-readable output

물리적인 메모리 정보는 "cat /proc/meminfo" 혹은 "$ dmidecode --type memory" 명령어로 확인할 수 있습니다.

 

커널 및 시스템 정보 : uname

시스템과 리눅스 커널과 관련된 정보를 확인할 때 사용하는 명령어 입니다.

$ uname -a
Linux admapserver 5.13.0-40-generic #45~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 4 09:38:31 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Options : uname [option]

Option Description
-a --all 모든 시스템 정보 출력
-s --kernel-name 커널 이름 출력
-n --nodename 네트워크 호스트 네임 출력
-r --kernel-release 커널의 릴리스 버전 출력
-v --kernel-version 커널 버전 출력
-m --machine 시스템의 하드웨어 아키텍처 출력
-p --processor 프로세서 타입 출력
-i --hardware-platform 하드웨어 플랫폼 정보 출력
-o --operating-system 운영체제 이름 출력

 

시스템 정보 확인: hostnamectl

$ hostnamectl 
   Static hostname: admapserver
   Pretty hostname: ADMapServer
         Icon name: computer-laptop
           Chassis: laptop
        Machine ID: 1101a2d6c0a64774bd021fa3d71a760f
           Boot ID: e6cdfc55726045fab1e932e9b5e86fef
  Operating System: Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS
            Kernel: Linux 5.15.0-48-generic
      Architecture: x86-64

 

리눅스 배포판 버전 확인 :  lsb_release

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Ubuntu
Description:	Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS
Release:	20.04
Codename:	focal
$
$ cat /etc/issue      
Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS \n \l

 

참고 사이트

Linux - Hardware 정보를 보여주는 명령어 : https://codechacha.com/ko/linux-hardware-info/